What characterizes a preaction sprinkler system?

A preaction sprinkler system is characterized by its use of air pressure in conjunction with a detection system. This type of system is designed to enhance safety and prevent unnecessary water discharge. In a preaction system, the pipes are filled with air rather than water, and the sprinkler heads remain closed until the detection system—such as smoke or heat detectors—detects a fire condition. Once an alarm is triggered, the air pressure is released, allowing water to flow into the pipes and ultimately activate the sprinkler heads. This feature helps to minimize water damage in case of a false alarm or other non-fire situations.

The reliance on detection systems and air pressure distinguishes preaction systems from other types of sprinkler systems, making them suitable for areas where water damage must be carefully controlled. They are particularly useful in places like data centers, museums, and libraries where sensitive materials are stored.